What is the recommended external rotation angle of the foot in a TF bench alignment?

In transfemoral (TF) bench alignment, the recommended external rotation angle of the foot is typically around 3-5 degrees. This slight external rotation is crucial for ensuring proper alignment of the prosthetic limb with the residual limb. The goal is to mimic the natural alignment of the limb during walking, promoting both stability and comfort for the user.

When the foot is externally rotated within this range, it aids in achieving a better weight distribution across the prosthetic limb during the stance phase of gait. Additionally, a slight external rotation helps to align the knee and hip in a way that can enhance the user's gait mechanics, enabling a more natural walking pattern.

Aligning the foot at an angle that is too minimal, such as 0-2 degrees, may not provide sufficient rotational clearance needed for a smoother gait cycle, while aligning it at angles of 10-12 degrees or more could lead to instability or difficulty with natural movement, as it would not align with the anatomical position that most individuals naturally assume. Thus, the 3-5 degree range represents a balance that optimizes function and comfort.